Opened in 1987, rebuilt premises of the former Regional High School. Museum preserves and manages over 263 thousand exhibits, including over 165 thousand original pieces of national heritage. Sections Archeology and ancient history, medieval history, history of Bessarabia, contemporary history and science thesaurus is the core of the institution.

The oldest museum in Moldova was founded in October 1889 still by Baron A. Stuard, but during the twentieth century became more creative laboratory known personalities within the scientific: F. Osterman, S. Miler, F. Porucic, I. Suhov, B. Tarabuchin, M. Pocoara and others. 

The museum occupies the former middle school for girls, founded by Princess Natalia Dadiani. Designed for training girls from noble families, the building was designed in the spirit of the Italian Renaissance, the Enlightenment ideals corresponded. The plan is made on "T" letter highlighted the main facade structure covered with a pyramid crowned with a pavilion.